Nkwusioru Bolt dị elu

(1) Nkwusioru Bolt:bolt site na-adịghị ike, rụrụ, ejighị n'aka nkume na ala ahu, anchoring na miri dị ka anụ nkume na ala ahu, nye ezuru erughị ala, imeri arọ nke slide nkume na ala ahụ na-amị amị ike, gbochie ọgba mgbidi ileghara, ida.

(2) Mmetụta nkwado extrusion:mgbe a kpasuru bolt ahụ, a na-emepụta mpaghara mkpakọ na mpaghara ụfọdụ gburugburu ya.A na-ahazi bolts ahụ n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị nke mere na mpaghara mkpakọ kpụrụ nke bolts dị n'akụkụ na-ekpuchi ibe ha iji mepụta mpaghara mkpakọ.A na-ewusi strata ndị ahụ rụrụ arụ na mpaghara mkpakọ ike site na bolt iji kwalite iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe na ikike ibu.

(3) Mmetụta ihe mgbagwoju anya (arch):mgbe etinyere bolt n'ime stratum n'otu omimi, strata n'okpuru omume nke ike anchoring na-amanye ibe ha, ihe mgbochi nke interlayer na-abawanye, na nrụgide dị n'ime na mgbagha na-ebelata nke ukwuu, nke kwekọrọ na ntụgharị dị mfe mgbagwoju anya. (arch) n'ime oghere mejupụtara (arch).A na-eme ka nkwụsi ike na ike nke mgbagwoju anya (arches) dịkwuo mma, si otú a na-eme ka ikike nke stratum dịkwuo elu.Ka ike arịlịka ahụ na-enye site na bolt, ka mmetụta ahụ na-apụta ìhè karị.

(4) ogologo bolt:ngụkọta ogologo a chọrọ mgbe bolt nwere ike rụọ ọrụ ya nke ọma dịka nhazi ahụ si dị.Mgbe agbakọrọ dabere na omume nkwusioru, ọ bụ nchikota nke ogologo arịlịka, ogologo nkwado na ogologo ekpughere.Mgbe a na-agbakọ ya dị ka ọrụ ọkụ (arch) jikọtara ọnụ, ọ bụ 1.2 ugboro nchikota nke nchikota osisi (arch) dị elu na ogologo ekpughere.Na ọnụ ahịa n'ezie, a ga-atụlekwa n'ogologo agbakwunyere n'ihi ngwungwu egwu egwu na-ezighi ezi.

(5) Ogologo arịlịka:ogologo nke arịlịka bolt na kwụsiri ike stratum nwere ike họrọ dị ka ahụmahụ ma ọ bụ ngụkọta oge.Dị ka ahụmahụ nke nhọrọ, tụlee anchorage mode na bolt dayameta.Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ dị ka ngụkọta oge, njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa agha na bolt na njikọ dị n'etiti ngwa agha na mgbidi oghere kwesịrị ịtụle.

(6) Ogologo nkwado:dị ka elu nke nkume gbara ya gburugburu kwụsịtụrụ na ntụziaka nke bolt, ma ọ bụ ịdị elu nke gbara ya gburugburu ibu ibu, nwekwara ike iji chọpụta ọkpụrụkpụ nke rụrụ okirikiri tụrụ site acoustic ife na ndị ọzọ ule technology.

(7) Nnwale ndọta Bolt:Otu n'ime ụzọ nke inyocha ogo ihe owuwu bolt na ikpebi ike ndọta bolt.Tupu e jiri shotcrete kpuchie bolt ahụ, a na-eji ihe nleba anya bolt ma ọ bụ mgbaka mgbawa iji tụọ ya ozugbo.Mgbe ị kụsịrị bolt ahụ, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbagide ruo mgbe agụmagụ ihe nrụgide ruru uru dabara na uru nhazi ahụ, ma ọ bụ mee ka bolt ahụ tọhapụ, n'ozuzu adịghị eme ule na-emebi emebi.Mgbe ejiri shotcrete kpuchie bolt, a na-egosi ya site na onye na-achọpụta ihe wee tụọ ya site na nhazi.Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ule bolts kwesịrị ịlele dị ka kwa mita 30-50 nke ogologo ọwara ma ọ bụ 300 bolts na otu, na otu ọ bụla ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 3 bolts, nke a ga-ahọrọ nke ọma site n'ahịrị nke bolts n'otu ngalaba ahụ. ebe nlele.

Mkpanaka arịlịka bụ usoro usoro mkpara nke nkume na nkwado ala.

Site na longitudinal esemokwu omume nke bolt, adịghị ike na ike tensile nke nkume na ala dị nnọọ ala karịa mkpakọ ike nwere ike imeri.

N'elu elu, ọ na-amachibido nkewa nke nkume na oke ala site na mbụ.

Macroscopically, ọ na-amụba ịdị n'otu nke nkume na ala.

Site n'echiche nke igwe, ọ bụ ọkachasị imezi njikọ C na esemokwu dị n'ime φ nke oke nkume gbara ya gburugburu.

N'ezie, bolt dị na nkume na ahụ ala ma mepụta mgbagwoju ọhụrụ.Mgbochi dị na mgbagwoju a na-edozi adịghị ike nke obere ike tensile nke oke nkume gbara ya gburugburu.Ya mere, ikike ibu nke oke nkume n'onwe ya na-ewusi ike nke ukwuu.

Bolt bụ akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke nkwado okporo ụzọ n'oge a na-egwupụta ala n'okpuru ala, nke na-ejikọta nkume ndị gbara ya gburugburu nke okporo ụzọ ọnụ ma mee nkume gbara ya gburugburu n'onwe ya.

Nkwado n'onwe ya ugbu a bolt abụghị nanị na a na-eji ogbunigwe eme ihe, kamakwa a na-ejikwa ya na nkà na ụzụ injinia, nkwado na-arụ ọrụ nke mkpọda, tunnels, DAMS na ndị ọzọ.